Ruff 27, WFOT 2018

海報的文字內容，暫時先貼這樣。

等下，我再把table 1 及table 2寄給你。完成後，先把海報寄給我看一下。

BA plots，再提醒我。
再加入BA plots的內文描述。
BA plots等寫文章時，再寫進去。異質性甚麼的及r>0.3。

Title: The test-retest reliability and practice effects of the Ruff 2 & 7 Selective Attention Test in patients with schizophrenia

Introduction: Sustained attention is referred to individuals to maintain concentration at a cognitive activity with repeat stimuli; selective attention is the ability to focus something particular while neglecting distractors in activity context. Attention deficits are a crucial feature of cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. All impaired sustained or selective attention will affect the daily performance of schizophrenia. The Ruff 2 & 7 Selective Attention Test (2 & 7 Test) assesses sustained and selective attention with automatic detection (AD) and controlled search (CS) trials. However, test-retest reliability and practice effects of the 2 & 7 Test are unknown in patients with schizophrenia. The test-retest reliability of the 2 & 7 Test is helpful to determine whether repeated measures are reproducible.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the test-retest reliability and practice effects between two successive assessments of the 2 & 7 Test in patients with schizophrenia.

Method: Inpatients with schizophrenia at chronic wards of a psychiatric hospital were recruited in the test-retest design study with a 2-week interval. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used for test-retest reliability. Paired t test was used for significance of practice effects; Cohen’s d for the magnitude of practice effects.

Results: Sixty-two inpatients with schizophrenia participated in our study and most of the 62 participants were male (59.7%). The duration of onset was about 24 on average (mean ± SD = 23.8 ± 10.2). Table 1 shows further characteristics of the participants. For sustained attention, the test-retest correlations of the total speed and accuracy scores were 0.95 and 0.84, respectively. For selective attention, the test-retest correlations of the speed/accuracy of AD and CS were 0.91/0.82 and 0.93/0.86, respectively. The paired t test of most mean scores were significant, except for AD accuracy; Cohen’s d ranged from 0.10 to 0.36 for all scores.

Conclusion: In general, the 2 & 7 Test showed good test-retest reliability and acceptable random measurement error. Small practice effects occurred across two successive tests. Practice effects must be taken into consideration for interpretation an individual change of a 2-week interval in clinical settings. 

Keywords: Attention; Practice effects; Schizophrenia; Cognition